Monday, August 31, 2015

Cervical Pain Period

Low Back pain - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Low back pain (LBP), also known as lower back pain or lumbago, (/ l ʌ m ˈ b eɪ ɡ oʊ /) is a common disorder involving the muscles and bones of the back. ... Read Article

Images of Cervical Pain Period

NECK (CERVICAL SPINE) CONDITIONS DISABILITY BENEFITS ...
Neck (cervical spine) conditions disability benefits questionnaire. 1b. select diagnoses associated with the claimed condition(s) (check all that apply) ... Fetch Here

Cervical Pain Period Pictures

National Medical Policy - Health Net
Epidural Steroid Injections: Treatment of Low Back and Cervical Pain Oct 15 1 National Medical Policy Subject: Epidural Steroid Injections for Treatment of ... Retrieve Here

Cervical Pain Period Pictures

Post-Operative Discharge Instructions Cervical Disc Replacement
Post-Operative Discharge Instructions Cervical Disc Replacement Wound Care: DO NOT remove the surgical dressing. Keep the dressing clean and dry. ... Read Full Source

Cervical Pain Period Pictures

Cervical Radiculopathy: Nonoperative Management Of Neck Pain ...
Cervical Radiculopathy: Nonoperative Management of Neck Pain and Radicular Symptoms may be used for a short period of immobilization, ered in the treatment of radicular pain. Cervical perineural injections (e.g., trans- ... Access This Document

Pictures of Cervical Pain Period

Cervical Exercise - KnowYourBack
Cervical Exercise: The Backbone of Spine Treatment How important is it? computer for a prolonged period of time. The good news is that the opposite is also true! find pain relief by creating that same neutral head ... Read More

Cervical Pain Period Pictures

What You Need To Know About NECK PAIN - UTMB Health
What You Need To Know About Neck Pain Your head and neck region is vulnerable to many different stresses. but over a long period it can cause the cervical discs to place pressure on the nerves. If you spend a great deal of time on the ... Get Content Here

Cervical Pain Period Photos

Indications For Anterior cervical Decompression For The ...
Period from 1966 through 2007 using both key words and associated MeSH subject headings. A search of “interver-tebral disk displacement Cervical Spine Research Society, pain improved from 3.08 to 1.02 (p < 0.00001). The neurological rating im- ... Access Content

Rule Out Meningitis As A Cause Of A Stiff Neck
Basic guidelines on ruling out meningitis as a cause of a stiff neck may save your life -- One symptom of meningitis is a stiff neck, Common Back Pain Red Flags; Causes of Cervical Radiculopathy; A Yoga Sun Salutation Your Back Will Love; ... Read Article

Pictures of Cervical Pain Period

.org Cervical Spondylosis (Arthritis Of The Neck) ( 1 )
Cervical Spondylosis (Arthritis of the Neck) Neck pain can be caused by many things—but is most often related to getting worn for a short period of time since long-term wear may decrease the strength of The most common procedures for neck pain include: • Cervical epidural block. ... Content Retrieval

Cervical Pain Period Pictures


Ablative Treatment for Spinal Pain: radicular pain in a prospective audit that showed satisfactory pain relief for a mean period of 9.2 patients with cervical pain and fifty percent patients with lumbar pain had an initial improvement of ... Document Viewer

Cervical Pain Period Pictures

Posterior Cervical Fusion Post-operative Instructions
Date of Surgery: _____ _____ No food or drink after midnight day prior to surgery. Posterior Cervical Fusion Post-operative Instructions Successful surgery depends not only on the success of the Pain Relief • Our office will provide you with prescription pain ... Fetch Full Source

Orbital Blowout Fracture - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
An orbital blowout fracture is a traumatic deformity of the orbital floor or medial wall, Surgery to place an orbital implant leaves little or no scarring and the recovery period is usually brief. Cervical fracture. Jefferson fracture; Hangman's fracture; ... Read Article

Cervical Pain Period

Cervical Myelopathy: Overview And Management Abstract Keywords
Cervical Myelopathy: Overview and Management . Abstract: Questions from patients concerning cervical myelopathy after laminectomy and decompression surgery are answered to help patients understand the associated symptoms and signs of ... Access This Document

Cervical Spondylosis - Severe - YouTube
Pain, numbness and weakness in my limbs, neck and back gradually increased over a period of seven years. Moving in the house without other’s support was difficult,I could not take care of my own needs. Neurosurgeons advised me immediate operation. I was also diabetic. MODE OF ... View Video

Cervical Pain Period Pictures

Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection (CESI) - AG Pain Management
Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection (CESI) shooting /stabbing pain down the arm. With the cervical epidural injection, Patient is educated that pain relief may be achieved to its full potential over the 1-2 week period. Patient may ... Read Full Source

Images of Cervical Pain Period

Radiofrequency Ablation For Chronic Spinal Pain.pdf - UCare
RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION FOR CHRONIC SPINAL PAIN Policy Number: 2016M0019B Effective Date: February 1, Acute cervical pain may be caused by a whiplash injury associated with sudden extension and flexion of the increased pain for a period of days after the RFA procedure. ... Document Retrieval

Images of Cervical Pain Period

Low Back pain And cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
ABSTRACT Purpose. To determine characteristics responsible for improvement of low back pain after cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. ... Read More

Recovery From Whiplash Injuries - Treatment & Diagnosis
Recovery from Whiplash Generally, whiplash injuries take no longer than 6 months to heal. Common Back Pain Red Flags; Causes of Cervical Radiculopathy; A Yoga Sun Salutation Your Back Will Love; Exercise Ball Workout Routine for Hamstrings and Back; ... Read Article

Cervical Pain Period Images

Cervical MRI Criteria - Labor & Industries
Final Imaging Guidelines: Cervical Spine MRI April 13, 2010 1 I. Acute cervical pain (onset within the past 6 weeks) (MRI without contrast unless otherwise ... Read Full Source

Pictures of Cervical Pain Period

Cervical Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) - AG Pain Management
Cervical Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) What is a facet joint pain? Patient should expect to receive full relief over the 10 day period. In medial branch blocks to confirm the source of the pain in order to repeat the cervical RFA. ... Fetch This Document

Cervical Pain Period Photos

Schiffert Health Center Neck Pain
Neck Pain (Cervical Strain) COMMON CAUSES: Neck pain may be triggered by a specific event, such a sport injury or motor vehicle accident. period of time. Chronic neck pain is often triggered by prior injuries, especially if original injury was severe or ... Return Document

Cervical Pain Period Photos

.org Cervical Radiculopathy (Pinched Nerve) ( 1 )
Cervical Radiculopathy (Pinched Nerve) In most cases, the pain of cervical radiculopathy starts at the neck and travels down If after a period of time nonsurgical treatment does not relieve your symptoms, your doctor may recommend surgery. ... Get Content Here

Cervical Pain Period

Post Op Anterior Cervical Decompression And Fusion
Post-Operative Instructions for Anterior Cervical decompression and Fusion General Instructions: 1) You may resume your regular diet as soon as you are able. ... Retrieve Content

Images of Cervical Pain Period

CDC Warns Of Severe Flu Cases In Young Adults
Flu season has started, and although so far it has not been as bad as last year's, there have been reports of some young and middle-age adults developing severe cases of influenza, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Today (Feb. 1), the CDC announced that flu cases are increasing across the country. And although the nation as a whole isn't experiencing as much flu as ... Read News

Cervical Pain Side Effects

Pictures of Cervical Pain Side Effects

TRANSFORAMINAL EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTIONS - Your Austin Pain ...
Capitol Pain Institute, PA TEL. 512.467.PAIN Transforaminal epidural steroid injections target the pain being caused by the inflamed Serious side effects or complications are rare. However, like all injection procedures, possible adverse effects are possible. ... Doc Retrieval

Images of Cervical Pain Side Effects

CerviCal RadiofrequenCy Denervation (rfd)
CerviCal radiofrequenCy denervation (rfd) For Neck Pain & Headache A cervical radiofrequency denervation (RFD) is an outpatient procedure for treating neck, head, shoulder, and upper back pain. ... Doc Retrieval

Pictures of Cervical Pain Side Effects

Facet Nerve Rhizotomy/Radiofrequency Ablation
Valley Pain Specialists, PC Steven Mortazavi, M.D. Facet Nerve Rhizotomy/Radiofrequency Ablation What is a Facet Nerve Rhizotomy: A Facet Nerve Rhizotomy is a procedure whereby a needle is placed on the small nerves side effects? As with any procedure, a ... Retrieve Full Source

Eperisone - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
The drug inhibits the vicious circle of myotonia by decreasing pain, Eperisone also improves dizziness and tinnitus associated with cerebrovascular disorders or cervical spondylosis. Eperisone has a relatively low incidence of sedation Side effects: 'very rare' excessive relaxation ... Read Article

Cervical Pain Side Effects Images

CERVICAL INTERLAMINAR EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTION
CERVICAL INTERLAMINAR EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTION For Neck & Arm Pain A cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injection is an outpatient procedure ... Access Content

Epidural Steroid Injections With Depo-Medrol - Did It Harm ...
Epidural Steroid Injections With Depo-Medrol - Did It Treatment Of The Cervical Herniated Disc - Duration: 4:43. Dr. Neubardt & Dr. Stern ---The Neuro-Ortho Team---8,656 views. 4:43 Epidural Steroid Injections Risks and Side Effects from an AZ Pain Clinic (602) 507 ... View Video

Photos of Cervical Pain Side Effects

CerviCal FaCet InjeCtion - Alpha.unisonplatform.com
CerviCal FaCet injeCtion For Chronic Neck Pain & Headache A cervical facet joint injection is an outpatient procedure for diagnosing and treating neck, shoulder, and upper back and headache pain. ... Return Doc

Cervical Pain Side Effects Pictures

Occipital Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation For Occipital ...
Occipital nerve radiofrequency ablation for occipital neuralgia controlled substances due to lack of pain relief and persistent side effects. She was offered the option of pregnancy with severe cervicalgia, cervical ... Document Retrieval

Cervical Pain Side Effects

Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection - Rush Health Systems
Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection Cervical epidural steroid injections are used to treat neck and upper back pain. During an epidural steroid injection, the skin surrounding the area to be injected is ... Fetch Here

Cervical Pain Side Effects Images

Epidural Steroid And Facet Injections For Spinal Pain
Cervical pain and moderate for lumbar pain. Complications associated with epidural injections include steroid side effects, dural puncture, transient increased pain, Epidural Steroid and Facet Injections for Spinal Pain: Clinical Policy (Effective 12/01/2015) ... Access Doc

Cervical Pain Side Effects Photos

Radiation To The Spine - UWMC Health On-Line
Skin reactions and fatigue are common side effects from radiation to the spine. Other side effects are listed here by treatment area: Neck (cervical) area: • Dry or sore throat • Hoarse voice Chest (thoracic) area: ... Fetch Document

Pictures of Cervical Pain Side Effects

Cervical Spine Mobility Deficits - Kaiser Permanente
Cervical Spine Mobility Deficits ICD-9-CM code: 723.1 Cervicalgia Neck pain, usually unilateral, Add combined movements of cervical sidebending, side gliding, slight anterior (or posterior) gliding, slight extension ... Fetch Full Source

Photos of Cervical Pain Side Effects

What Is A Cervical/Lumbar Medial Branch Block (Facet Injection)?
Cascade Interventional Pain Center www.cascadepaincenter.com Page 1 What is a Cervical/Lumbar Medial Branch Block (Facet Injection)? Are there any side effects of treatment? After a cervical injection you may feel some tingling or numbness in your arms or fingers. ... Retrieve Content

Cervical Pain Side Effects

CERVICAL EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTIONS - Your Austin Pain ...
CERVICAL EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTIONS Capitol Pain Institute, PA TEL. 512.467.PAIN Serious side effects or complications are rare with epidural steroid injections. However, like all injection procedures, possible adverse effects are possible. ... Access Document

Pictures of Cervical Pain Side Effects

CerviCal Medial BranCh BloCk - Headache & Pain Center Amc
CerviCal medial branCh bloCk For Neck Pain & Headache A cervical medial branch block is a simple procedure for diagnosing and treating headaches, and neck, shoulder and upper back pain. ... View Full Source

Bilateral Cingulotomy - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Bilateral cingulotomy is a form of psychosurgery, Side effects Patients usually Based on the data obtained, cingulotomy for treatment of chronic pain showed promising results. 72% reported improvement in the level of pain experienced, ... Read Article

Cervical Pain Side Effects Pictures

Cervical Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injections
Cervical discogenic pain Cervical spondylosis Complications and Side Effects Needle Placement: Pain at the injection site, nerve root injury, spinal cord injury, epidural hematoma, epidural abscess, meningitis, osteomyelitis, postdural puncture ... Fetch Doc

Atypical Trigeminal Neuralgia - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Atypical trigeminal neuralgia (ATN), or type 2 trigeminal neuralgia, as a result of the negative effects that pain has on one's life. Due to the significant side-effects and hazards of this drug, ... Read Article

Cervical Pain Side Effects Photos

Short-Term Effects Of Cervical Kinesio Taping On Pain And ...
Short-Term Effects of Cervical Kinesio Taping on Pain and Cervical Range of Motion in Patients With Acute Whiplash Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial W from rear-end or side-impact motor vehicle collisions, but can also occur during diving or other mishaps. The ... Read Here

Cervical Pain Side Effects

CerviCal RadiofrequenCy Ablation (rfa)
CerviCal radiofrequenCy ablation (rfa) For Chronic Neck Pain & Headache A cervical radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an outpatient procedure for ... Read Full Source

Photos of Cervical Pain Side Effects

CerviCal Medial BranCh BloCk - SportsMED
CerviCal medial branCh bloCk For Chronic Neck Pain & Headache A cervical medial branch block is an outpatient procedure for diagnosing and treating neck, shoulder upper back and headache pain. ... View This Document

Cervical Pain Side Effects

CDC Warns Of Severe Flu Cases In Young Adults
Flu season has started, and although so far it has not been as bad as last year's, there have been reports of some young and middle-age adults developing severe cases of influenza, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Today (Feb. 1), the CDC announced that flu cases are increasing across the country. And although the nation as a whole isn't experiencing as much flu as ... Read News

Cervical Pain Side Effects Pictures

cervical Radiofrequency Ablation (rfa) - Matrix Pain
Cervical radiofrequency ablation (rfa) For Chronic Neck Pain & Headache A cervical radiofrequency ablation Cervical facet joint pain Facet pain also depends on which joint is affected. Your doctor can explain possible risks or side effects.directed to your doctor. ... Retrieve Here

Cervical Pain Side Effects Pictures

Radiofrequency Ablation For Chronic Spinal Pain.pdf - UCare
RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION FOR CHRONIC SPINAL PAIN Policy Number: 2016M0019B Other potentia l side effects included dysesthetic pain, radicular pain, increased pain due to neuritis or neurogenic Acute cervical pain may be caused by a whiplash injury associated with sudden ... Fetch Full Source

Images of Cervical Pain Side Effects

Side Effects For Common Back And Neck Pain Medications
The value of knowing the side effects of neck or back pain medications is that it enables you to make informed choices. This is called weighing the risk to benefit ratio. Common Back Pain Red Flags; Causes of Cervical Radiculopathy; ... Read Article

Images of Cervical Pain Side Effects


But also used to help fibromyalgia symptoms and chronic pain. Amitriptyline, brand name drugs include Elavil, Endep, Tryptanol, Elavil / Endep / Amitriptyline Side Effects Elavil - generic Amitriptyline - is a tricyclic antidepressant. ... Read Article

Friday, August 28, 2015

Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy

Photos of Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy

Medical Treatment Of Ectopic pregnancy: A Committee Opinion
With or without abdominal pain is at risk for ectopic pregnancy. Such Cervical Pregnancy Cervical pregnancies are rare. Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2013. 642 VOL. 100 NO. 3 / SEPTEMBER 2013 ... Fetch Here

Images of Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy

ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY PREGNANCY MISCARRIAGE - HSE.ie
DDS Double Decidual Sign IUP Intrauterine Pregnanc . CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY PREGNANCY MISCARRIAGE 5 4.3 Vaginal bleeding and / or abdominal pain Previous ectopic pregnancy Previous tubal surgery Previous miscarriage ... Get Content Here

Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy

Acute Abdominal Pain - Mans
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy Twisted ovarian tumor Obturator sign Rovsing’s sign Acute appendicitis. 5- Rectum Mass Lateral tenderness. If stool is present, evaluate for occult blood. 6- Female genitalia Pain with cervical motion ... Fetch Doc

Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy Photos

Inside Knowledge Ovarian Cancer Fact Sheet
Ovarian Cancer Get the Facts About given birth or Having endometriosis (a There are five main types of cancer that affect a woman’s reproductive organs: cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and for you and could be a sign of ovarian cancer, talk to your doctor and ask about ... View Document

Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy Images

Common Causes Of Abdominal Pain
Dysmenorrhea, appendicitis, pregnancy • Pain with activity (what were you doing when the pain began?) • Presence of nausea/vomiting (if N/V follow pain, – Cervical manipulation - pelvic peritoneal inflammation. Abdominal Exam ... Get Content Here

Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy Photos

WHAT IS MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME - MCCC
WHAT IS MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME ? If ice makes it feel better that is a sign of nerve entrapment .Contraindications to US: directly on pregnancy, metastasis, lack of sensation, thrombus, pacemaker, psoriasis. ... View Doc

Images of Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy

Differential Diagnosis Of Abdominal Pain In Women Of ...
Sequelae of untreated PID can include increased risk for ectopic pregnancy, infertility, pelvic adhesions, pyosalpinx, chronic adnexal tenderness and cervical motion tenderness are indicators such as the Rovsing sign (pain elicited in the right lower quadrant when the left lower ... Content Retrieval

What Are Symptoms Of Lung Cancer In Women
The symptoms of lung cancer in women often differ from those in men. Chest pain that worsens with a deep breath (pleuritic chest pain) Sign up. There was an error. Please try again. Please select a newsletter. ... Read Article


What might be causing your shortness of breath, of breath as their only symptom of heart disease had a greater chance of dying than those who had typical chest pain. Some of the more common causes include: Sign up. There was an error. Please try again. ... Read Article

Cerclage Surgery At 13 Weeks pregnant With PCOS - YouTube
Sign in to make your opinion count Gender disappointment?? Glucose test, Post-cerclage talk and 14 week pregnancy update with PCOS - Duration: 12:31. MadeUpMama 1,488 views. laparoscopic cervical cerclage in pregnancy-Amman/Jordan - Duration: 14:47. Osama Badran ... View Video

Photos of Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Of Back pain And Related ...
Osteopathic manipulative treatment of back pain and related symptoms during pregnancy: sign 2 subjects to each of the 3 treatment back pain in pregnancy: a cross-sectional sur-vey. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11: ... Fetch Content

Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy Photos

RUQ Abdominal Pain - Penn Medicine
RUQ Abdominal PainRUQ Abdominal Pain Steven B. Goldin, MD, PhD University of South Florida Dimitrios Stefanidis, MD, PhD. no cervical motion tdtenderness Abd: soft, non distended, RUQ Negative sonographic Murphy’s sign ... Visit Document

Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy Photos

Radiculopathy Vs. Peripheral Neuropathy What To Do With Arm pain?
Radiculopathy vs. Peripheral Neuropathy What to do with arm pain? Miriana G. Popadich RN, MSN Tinel ’s Sign Is a way to detect irritated nerves. Is neurologist Jules Tinel. So, What is the Cause of Arm Pain? Cervical radiculopathy C6 Peripheral (entrapment) neuropathy Median Neuropathy ... Content Retrieval

Pictures of Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy

Imaging Of Ectopic pregnancy - Department Of Radiology
Imaging of ectopic pregnancy Jonathan D. Kirsch, MD, pain, cramping and shoulder pain. cervical. FIGURE 2. Intradecidual sign. Sagittal trans-vaginal images (A, B) of the uterus demon-strate an eccentrically located small gestational sac with echogenic rim (arrows). A B ... Read Full Source

Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy

Cervical Sonography In Women With Symptoms Of Preterm Labor
Cervical Sonography in Women with Symptoms of Preterm Labor Vincenzo Berghella, MDa,*, Amen Ness, ultrasound of the cervix during pregnancy has been the with pain or severe discomfort in less than 2% of women [15]. ... Get Doc

Pictures of Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy

Causes Of Joint Pain And Workup Of Rheumatologic Conditions
Causes of Joint Pain and Workup of Rheumatologic Conditions Alex Garcia, MD Cervical Postural Syndrome, Scapular dyskinesis . Neurologic Etiology 1. Nerve Entraptment A. Central i. pregnancy • CBC: anemia ... Retrieve Here

Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy Photos

SEQUENTIAL CERVICAL CERCLAGE IN THE SAME PREGNANCY: TWO ...
SEQUENTIAL CERVICAL CERCLAGE IN THE SAME PREGNANCY: TWO MULTIFETAL PREGNANCY CASE REPORTS Eray CALISKAN, Yigit CAKIROGLU, was no sign of intrauterine infection for the second twin pain at 18+5 weeks of gestation. ... Get Doc

Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy

Risks Associated With Your Anaesthetic Section 11: Nerve ...
1 Risks associated with your anaesthetic v Information for Patients: The Royal College of Anaesthetists Section 11: Nerve damage (2) What is a spinal injection? pain relief’ on the Royal College of Anaesthetists website (www.rcoa.ac.uk). ... Access Doc

Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy Pictures

The Use Of Ultrasonography In Conservative Management Of ...
The Use of Ultrasonography in Conservative Management of Cervical Pregnancy Bing Xu 1, amenorrhea followed by uterine bl eeding without cr amping pain. Before the routine use of ultrasound in gynecologic care, ... Access Document

Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy Photos

ميحرلا نمحرلا الله مسب - كلية الطب
Bearing age with acute abdomenal pain and sign of shock ectopic pregnancy must be excluded first} Cervical Pregnancy ... Doc Viewer

Neuritis - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Neuritis (nyoo-ri´tis) Symptoms depend on the nerves involved, but may include pain, paresthesia (pins-and-needles), paresis (weakness), cervical; brachial; lumbosacral plexus; somatosensory; spinal; autonomic; Physiology. reflexes; proteins; neurotransmitters; ... Read Article

Images of Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy

Pregnancy Massage - Well Mother
While the Chinese were the first to document about the use of massage in coccyx, thoracic spine and cervical spine, I am only going to focus on low back pain because that was MPSPT. Preventing and Managing Back Pain during Pregnancy 25 Figures courtesy of http://www.motleyhealth.com ... Get Document

Images of Cervical Pain Sign Of Pregnancy

Signs And Symptoms Of Ovulation
Measurements, cervical culture) Perform Laboratory the fetus by abdominal palpation Positive Pregnancy Test Chadwick’s Sign Increases Pigmentation Ausculation of Uterine and Fetal Souffle Positive Signs of Bleeding Fluid from the Vagina Abdominal Pain Increased ... Access Content